"aby" meaning in Old Czech

See aby in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Conjunction

IPA: /ˈabɨ/ (note: 13ᵗʰ CE), /ˈabi/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE)
Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō Proto-Slavic *a Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- Proto-Indo-European *-t Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei Proto-Slavic *byti Proto-Slavic *by univ. Proto-Slavic *aby Old Czech aby Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. First attested in the 14th century. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by. Etymology templates: {{ety|zlw-ocs|:inh|sla-pro:*aby|etydate=14th century<ref:<span class="cited-source">Rejzek, Jiří (<span class="None" lang="und">2015), “aby”, in <cite>Český etymologický slovník</cite> [<cite>Czech Etymological Dictionary</cite>] (in Czech), 3rd (revised and expanded) edition, Praha: LEDA, <small>→ISBN</small>, page 46</span></span>>|text=+|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō Proto-Slavic *a Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- Proto-Indo-European *-t Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei Proto-Slavic *byti Proto-Slavic *by univ. Proto-Slavic *aby Old Czech aby [Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*ō", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*a", "lang" : "sla-pro" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "to be", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "to be", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "become", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "be", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*bʰuH-", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-t", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*bʰúHt", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" }, { "terms" : [ { "id" : "be", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "be", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*h₁es-", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*h₁ésti", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*bū́ˀtei", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*byti", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*by", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Univerbation of", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "univerbation" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*aby", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Czech", "term" : "aby", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-ocs" }" data-lang="zlw-ocs" data-title="aby"> Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. First attested in the 14th century., {{surf|+univ|zlw-ocs|a|by}} By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by Head templates: {{head|zlw-ocs|conjunction}} aby Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], abych [first-person, singular], abychově (-va) [dual, first-person], abychom (-me/-my) [first-person, plural], aby [second-person, singular], abysta (-šta) [dual, second-person], abyste (-šte) [plural, second-person], aby [singular, third-person], aby [dual, third-person], abysta (-šta) [dual, third-person], aby [plural, third-person], abychu [plural, third-person]
  1. Introduces a subordinate clause expressing doubt.
    Sense id: en-aby-zlw-ocs-conj-7XLta-WP
  2. Introduces a subordinate clause with subjunctive meaning; let, may
    Sense id: en-aby-zlw-ocs-conj-ZhP6ti3Q
  3. so that, in order to
    Sense id: en-aby-zlw-ocs-conj-N4PYnW6L
  4. Introduces a subordinate clause with admissive meaning; even if, though
    Sense id: en-aby-zlw-ocs-conj-rFg66ExI

Particle

IPA: /ˈabɨ/ (note: 13ᵗʰ CE), /ˈabi/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE)
Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō Proto-Slavic *a Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- Proto-Indo-European *-t Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei Proto-Slavic *byti Proto-Slavic *by univ. Proto-Slavic *aby Old Czech aby Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. First attested in the 14th century. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by. Etymology templates: {{ety|zlw-ocs|:inh|sla-pro:*aby|etydate=14th century<ref:<span class="cited-source">Rejzek, Jiří (<span class="None" lang="und">2015), “aby”, in <cite>Český etymologický slovník</cite> [<cite>Czech Etymological Dictionary</cite>] (in Czech), 3rd (revised and expanded) edition, Praha: LEDA, <small>→ISBN</small>, page 46</span></span>>|text=+|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō Proto-Slavic *a Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- Proto-Indo-European *-t Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei Proto-Slavic *byti Proto-Slavic *by univ. Proto-Slavic *aby Old Czech aby [Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*ō", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*a", "lang" : "sla-pro" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "to be", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "to be", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "become", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "be", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*bʰuH-", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-t", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*bʰúHt", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" }, { "terms" : [ { "id" : "be", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "be", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*h₁es-", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*h₁ésti", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*bū́ˀtei", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*byti", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*by", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Univerbation of", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "univerbation" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*aby", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Czech", "term" : "aby", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-ocs" }" data-lang="zlw-ocs" data-title="aby"> Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. First attested in the 14th century., {{surf|+univ|zlw-ocs|a|by}} By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by Head templates: {{head|zlw-ocs|particle}} aby
  1. Denotes desire or wish; if only; had better
    Sense id: en-aby-zlw-ocs-particle-bOS7VUyd Categories (other): Old Czech entries with etymology texts, Old Czech entries with etymology trees, Old Czech entries with etymon, Old Czech entries with incorrect language header, Old Czech particles, Old Czech univerbations Disambiguation of Old Czech entries with etymology texts: 13 12 2 14 59 Disambiguation of Old Czech entries with etymology trees: 13 12 2 14 59 Disambiguation of Old Czech entries with etymon: 12 11 2 13 62 Disambiguation of Old Czech entries with incorrect language header: 13 12 2 14 59 Disambiguation of Old Czech particles: 12 11 2 13 62 Disambiguation of Old Czech univerbations: 12 11 2 13 62
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-ocs",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "sla-pro:*aby",
        "etydate": "14th century<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Rejzek, Jiří (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2015), “aby”, in <cite>Český etymologický slovník</cite> [<cite>Czech Etymological Dictionary</cite>] (in Czech), 3rd (revised and expanded) edition, Praha: LEDA, <small>→ISBN</small>, page 46</span></span>>",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ō\nProto-Slavic *a\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuH-\nProto-Indo-European *-t\nProto-Indo-European *bʰúHt\nProto-Indo-European *h₁es-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ésti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *byti\nProto-Slavic *by\nuniv.\nProto-Slavic *aby\nOld Czech aby\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*ō\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*a\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to be\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to be\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"become\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"be\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰuH-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-t\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰúHt\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"be\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"be\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁es-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁ésti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*bū́ˀtei\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*byti\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*by\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Univerbation of\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"univerbation\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*aby\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Czech\", \"term\" : \"aby\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-ocs\" }\" data-lang=\"zlw-ocs\" data-title=\"aby\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. First attested in the 14th century.",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "+univ",
        "2": "zlw-ocs",
        "3": "a",
        "4": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ō\nProto-Slavic *a\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuH-\nProto-Indo-European *-t\nProto-Indo-European *bʰúHt\nProto-Indo-European *h₁es-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ésti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *byti\nProto-Slavic *by\nuniv.\nProto-Slavic *aby\nOld Czech aby\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. First attested in the 14th century. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-ocs",
        "2": "particle"
      },
      "expansion": "aby",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Czech",
  "lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
  "pos": "particle",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "13 12 2 14 59",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Czech entries with etymology texts",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 12 2 14 59",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Czech entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 11 2 13 62",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Czech entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 12 2 14 59",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Czech entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 11 2 13 62",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Czech particles",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 11 2 13 62",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Czech univerbations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Denotes desire or wish; if only; had better"
      ],
      "id": "en-aby-zlw-ocs-particle-bOS7VUyd",
      "links": [
        [
          "if only",
          "if only"
        ],
        [
          "had better",
          "had better"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈabɨ/",
      "note": "13ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈabi/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "aby"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "word": "aby"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-ocs",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "sla-pro:*aby",
        "etydate": "14th century<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Rejzek, Jiří (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2015), “aby”, in <cite>Český etymologický slovník</cite> [<cite>Czech Etymological Dictionary</cite>] (in Czech), 3rd (revised and expanded) edition, Praha: LEDA, <small>→ISBN</small>, page 46</span></span>>",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ō\nProto-Slavic *a\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuH-\nProto-Indo-European *-t\nProto-Indo-European *bʰúHt\nProto-Indo-European *h₁es-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ésti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *byti\nProto-Slavic *by\nuniv.\nProto-Slavic *aby\nOld Czech aby\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*ō\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*a\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to be\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to be\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"become\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"be\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰuH-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-t\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰúHt\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"be\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"be\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁es-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁ésti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*bū́ˀtei\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*byti\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*by\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Univerbation of\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"univerbation\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*aby\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Czech\", \"term\" : \"aby\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-ocs\" }\" data-lang=\"zlw-ocs\" data-title=\"aby\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. First attested in the 14th century.",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "+univ",
        "2": "zlw-ocs",
        "3": "a",
        "4": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ō\nProto-Slavic *a\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuH-\nProto-Indo-European *-t\nProto-Indo-European *bʰúHt\nProto-Indo-European *h₁es-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ésti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *byti\nProto-Slavic *by\nuniv.\nProto-Slavic *aby\nOld Czech aby\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. First attested in the 14th century. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abych",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abychově (-va)",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abychom (-me/-my)",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aby",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abysta (-šta)",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abyste (-šte)",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aby",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aby",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abysta (-šta)",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aby",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abychu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-ocs",
        "2": "conjunction"
      },
      "expansion": "aby",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Czech",
  "lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
  "pos": "conj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Introduces a subordinate clause expressing doubt."
      ],
      "id": "en-aby-zlw-ocs-conj-7XLta-WP"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Introduces a subordinate clause with subjunctive meaning; let, may"
      ],
      "id": "en-aby-zlw-ocs-conj-ZhP6ti3Q",
      "links": [
        [
          "let",
          "let"
        ],
        [
          "may",
          "may"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "so that, in order to"
      ],
      "id": "en-aby-zlw-ocs-conj-N4PYnW6L",
      "links": [
        [
          "so that",
          "so that"
        ],
        [
          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Introduces a subordinate clause with admissive meaning; even if, though"
      ],
      "id": "en-aby-zlw-ocs-conj-rFg66ExI",
      "links": [
        [
          "even if",
          "even if"
        ],
        [
          "though",
          "though"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈabɨ/",
      "note": "13ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈabi/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "aby"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Old Czech conjunctions",
    "Old Czech entries with etymology texts",
    "Old Czech entries with etymology trees",
    "Old Czech entries with etymon",
    "Old Czech entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Czech lemmas",
    "Old Czech particles",
    "Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Old Czech terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-",
    "Old Czech terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es-",
    "Old Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Old Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Old Czech univerbations",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 9 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-ocs",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "sla-pro:*aby",
        "etydate": "14th century<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Rejzek, Jiří (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2015), “aby”, in <cite>Český etymologický slovník</cite> [<cite>Czech Etymological Dictionary</cite>] (in Czech), 3rd (revised and expanded) edition, Praha: LEDA, <small>→ISBN</small>, page 46</span></span>>",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ō\nProto-Slavic *a\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuH-\nProto-Indo-European *-t\nProto-Indo-European *bʰúHt\nProto-Indo-European *h₁es-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ésti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *byti\nProto-Slavic *by\nuniv.\nProto-Slavic *aby\nOld Czech aby\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*ō\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*a\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to be\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to be\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"become\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"be\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰuH-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-t\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰúHt\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"be\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"be\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁es-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁ésti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*bū́ˀtei\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*byti\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*by\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Univerbation of\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"univerbation\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*aby\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Czech\", \"term\" : \"aby\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-ocs\" }\" data-lang=\"zlw-ocs\" data-title=\"aby\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. First attested in the 14th century.",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "+univ",
        "2": "zlw-ocs",
        "3": "a",
        "4": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ō\nProto-Slavic *a\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuH-\nProto-Indo-European *-t\nProto-Indo-European *bʰúHt\nProto-Indo-European *h₁es-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ésti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *byti\nProto-Slavic *by\nuniv.\nProto-Slavic *aby\nOld Czech aby\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. First attested in the 14th century. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-ocs",
        "2": "particle"
      },
      "expansion": "aby",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Czech",
  "lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
  "pos": "particle",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Denotes desire or wish; if only; had better"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "if only",
          "if only"
        ],
        [
          "had better",
          "had better"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈabɨ/",
      "note": "13ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈabi/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "aby"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Czech conjunctions",
    "Old Czech entries with etymology texts",
    "Old Czech entries with etymology trees",
    "Old Czech entries with etymon",
    "Old Czech entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Czech lemmas",
    "Old Czech particles",
    "Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Old Czech terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-",
    "Old Czech terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es-",
    "Old Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Old Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Old Czech univerbations",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 9 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "word": "aby"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-ocs",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "sla-pro:*aby",
        "etydate": "14th century<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Rejzek, Jiří (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2015), “aby”, in <cite>Český etymologický slovník</cite> [<cite>Czech Etymological Dictionary</cite>] (in Czech), 3rd (revised and expanded) edition, Praha: LEDA, <small>→ISBN</small>, page 46</span></span>>",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ō\nProto-Slavic *a\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuH-\nProto-Indo-European *-t\nProto-Indo-European *bʰúHt\nProto-Indo-European *h₁es-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ésti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *byti\nProto-Slavic *by\nuniv.\nProto-Slavic *aby\nOld Czech aby\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*ō\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*a\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to be\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to be\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"become\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"be\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰuH-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-t\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰúHt\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"be\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"be\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁es-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁ésti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*bū́ˀtei\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*byti\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*by\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Univerbation of\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"univerbation\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*aby\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Czech\", \"term\" : \"aby\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-ocs\" }\" data-lang=\"zlw-ocs\" data-title=\"aby\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. First attested in the 14th century.",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "+univ",
        "2": "zlw-ocs",
        "3": "a",
        "4": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ō\nProto-Slavic *a\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuH-\nProto-Indo-European *-t\nProto-Indo-European *bʰúHt\nProto-Indo-European *h₁es-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ésti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *byti\nProto-Slavic *by\nuniv.\nProto-Slavic *aby\nOld Czech aby\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. First attested in the 14th century. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abych",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abychově (-va)",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abychom (-me/-my)",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aby",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abysta (-šta)",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abyste (-šte)",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aby",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aby",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abysta (-šta)",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aby",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abychu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-ocs",
        "2": "conjunction"
      },
      "expansion": "aby",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Czech",
  "lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
  "pos": "conj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Introduces a subordinate clause expressing doubt."
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Introduces a subordinate clause with subjunctive meaning; let, may"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "let",
          "let"
        ],
        [
          "may",
          "may"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "so that, in order to"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "so that",
          "so that"
        ],
        [
          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Introduces a subordinate clause with admissive meaning; even if, though"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "even if",
          "even if"
        ],
        [
          "though",
          "though"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈabɨ/",
      "note": "13ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈabi/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "aby"
}

Download raw JSONL data for aby meaning in Old Czech (11.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Czech dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.